Today, thermal power plants account for a large share of the electricity generation balance in Ukraine (about 30%), most of which are 200 MW and 300 MW units. Due to the insufficient number of hydroelectric power plants and pumped storage power plants, thermal power plants are mainly used to maintain the balance between electricity generation and consumption. At the current stage, thermal power generation is being developed by converting coal-fired power units to supercritical initial steam parameters (temperature above 580°C and pressure above 27 MPa). Such units are capable of delivering an efficiency of 45% to 55% or even higher.
Development of scientific approaches and technical solutions for improving the processes of energy conversion and use in power plants based on Small Modular Reactors with determination of ways to create new turbine equipment. This makes it possible to build new modern power units of domestic nuclear power plants, to create a distributed system of small maneuverable and reserve power plants. An integral condition for the performance of the work, in addition to increasing the energy efficiency of the equipment and increasing the part of maneuverable and reserve capacities in the general generation, is the development of scientific and technical solutions aimed at implementation at the enterprises of the Ukrainian power engineering sector. This makes it possible to reduce import dependence of domestic energy and will contribute to the energy security of the state.
